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| Criterion |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Systems Thinking Evaporating Cloud |  Business Strategy Business Model Stress Test |  Business Strategy VRIO Framework |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | The method makes visible why two seemingly incompatible demands arise and which assumption must be tested to resolve the conflict. | A Business Model Stress Test checks how well a business model holds up under pressure and headwinds. It compares strengths, risks, market logic, and courses of action. The result is captured as a stress-test report and action plan per scenario. | The VRIO Framework rates resources and capabilities on whether they are Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, and Organized. It compares strengths, risks, market logic, and courses of action. The result is captured as a VRIO table and strategic actions. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | High | Medium |
Timedifferent | 20–45 min | 60-120 min | Half day | 90-180 min |
Participantsdifferent | Small cross-functional group | 2-8 | 3-8 | 3-6 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Conflict Cloud, Assumption List, Breakthrough Ideas, Next Experiments | Stress Test Report, Action Plan per Scenario | VRIO Table, Strategic Actions |
Tagsno overlap | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | Theory of ConstraintsAssumptionsSystems thinking | StrategyBusiness modelRiskDiagnosis | StrategyDiagnosisBusiness modelCapability |