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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations MORT Analysis |  Operations Accountability Ladder |  Operations 5 Whys |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | For a safety-relevant event or a system with high protection requirements, the method examines where controls failed. It exposes both technical and organizational gaps. | With defensive reactions to problems, the method shifts the view from justification to ownership. It makes visible which reaction stage a person or team is currently stuck on. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | Mehrere Tage bis Wochen | 20-45 min | 15-30 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 2-6 | 1-8 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | MORT Worksheets, Findings per Branch, Corrective Actions, Systemic Recommendations | Ownership Reflection, Action Commitment, Coaching Notes | Root cause notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | Root causeSafetySystemicIncident | ResponsibilityLeadershipTeam | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving |