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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Product Strategy Impact Mapping |  Systems Thinking Behavior Over Time Graph |  Systems Thinking Theory of Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | When a goal needs to be connected to several possible paths, it shows chains of impact instead of feature lists. It connects business goal, behavior change, and measures. | A Behavior Over Time Graph shows how a metric or observation develops over time. The method makes trends, breaks, and recurring patterns visible that get lost in snapshots. | Theory of Change translates a desired impact into a traceable chain of change. It makes assumptions, intermediate goals, and measurement points visible before a program is rolled out at scale. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 45-90 min | 20-45 min | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 3-8 | 1-10 | 4-12 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Impact Map, Outcome Hypotheses, Delivery Options | Behavior Over Time Graph, Trend Hypotheses, Key Events | Theory of Change Map, Assumptions, Outcome Measures |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | OutcomesStrategyBehaviorPlanning | Systems thinkingPatternsDynamics | ImpactOutcomesSystems thinkingStrategy |