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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |  Operations Standard Work Analysis |  Operations Gemba Walk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. | When the same task is done differently depending on the person, the method exposes the reliable core. It creates comparability without unnecessarily choking off needed latitude. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 2-6 h | 1-3 h | 30-120 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 3-10 | 2-6 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions | Standard Work Sheet, Deviation List, Improved Standard, Training Needs | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause | LeanProcessQuality | LeanObservationProcessOperations |