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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations Causal Factor Analysis |  Decision Making RAPID |  Operations 5 Whys |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events. | In complex management decisions, clarity is often missing about who recommends, who agrees, and who makes the decision. RAPID creates this assignment and stabilizes decisions across several levels. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 2-6 h | 45-90 min | 15-30 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 3-10 | 3-12 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions | RAPID Role Map, Recommendation, Decision Log | Root cause notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline | DecisionRolesGovernance | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving |