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| Criterion |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Operations Process Mapping |  Team Design Team Topologies Interaction Modes |  Team Design Spotify Model Mapping |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots. | When several teams collaborate repeatedly, it describes the right interaction mode for each interface between them. It clarifies responsibility, interaction, and load between teams. The result is captured as an interaction heat map and pairwise agreements. | When a team landscape has grown without clear grouping, it maps roles and relationships onto the Spotify model. It clarifies responsibility, interaction, and load between teams. The result is captured as a Spotify model map and action list. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Medium | Medium |
Timedifferent | 30-120 min | 1-3 h | Half day | 90-180 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-6 | 3-10 | Team-Leads plus Architecture | 5-15 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog | Interaction Heat Map, Agreements per Pair | Spotify Model Map, Action List |
Tagsno overlap | LeanObservationProcessOperations | ProcessOperationsImprovement | TeamAlignmentCollaborationOrganization | TeamOrganizationAlignmentDiagnosis |