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| Criterion |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Systems Thinking Current Reality Tree |  Systems Thinking Behavior Over Time Graph |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | A Current Reality Tree condenses many symptoms into a few causal chains. The method makes visible which core problems drive several negative effects at once. | A Behavior Over Time Graph shows how a metric or observation develops over time. The method makes trends, breaks, and recurring patterns visible that get lost in snapshots. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-120 min | 2-6 h | 20-45 min | 30-60 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-6 | 3-8 | 1-10 | 2-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Current Reality Tree, Core Problems, Intervention Ideas | Behavior Over Time Graph, Trend Hypotheses, Key Events | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | LeanObservationProcessOperations | Systems thinkingRoot causeConstraintsCausality | Systems thinkingPatternsDynamics | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns |