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Selected:Gemba WalkARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)Root Cause AnalysisFailure Mode and Effects Analysis
| Criterion |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs) |  Operations Root Cause Analysis |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification. | When a problem keeps recurring and the cause stays unclear, the method exposes the underlying mechanism. It separates symptom, guess, and robust explanation from one another. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Medium | High |
Timedifferent | 30-120 min | 2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional | 1-4 h | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-6 | Designers, developers as users, and facilitation | 3-8 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions | Problem Statement, Cause Hypotheses, Confirmed Causes, Action Plan | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions |
Tagsno overlap | LeanObservationProcessOperations | ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks | Root causeProblem solvingQualityIncident | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause |