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| Criterion |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |  Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs) |  Operations 5 Whys |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. | ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-120 min | 45-90 min | 2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional | 15-30 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-6 | 2-5 | Designers, developers as users, and facilitation | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis | Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions | Root cause notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | LeanObservationProcessOperations | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations | ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving |