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| Criterion |  Business Strategy GAP Analysis |  Decision Making Red Teaming |  Business Strategy TOWS Matrix |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | GAP Analysis compares the current state with a target picture and makes the distance manageable. It becomes useful when, ahead of new initiatives, it must become clear which capabilities, processes, or resources are missing. | For strategic decisions with high reach, agreement and gut feeling are often not enough. Red teaming brings deliberate opposition into the situation and tests where a plan breaks under real counterarguments. | The TOWS Matrix connects internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats into action-oriented strategies. It goes a step further than a pure stocktaking. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | High | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 1-4 h | 1-2 h | 20–45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | 3-8 | 3-10 | Small cross-functional group |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Gap Matrix, Action Plan, Risk Notes | Challenge Findings, Risk Register, Mitigation Plan | TOWS Matrix, Strategic Options, Priority Actions | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log |
Tagsno overlap | StrategyAnalysisPlanning | RiskDecisionSensemaking | StrategyAnalysisOptions | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning |