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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Future Reality Tree |  Decision Making OODA Loop |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Decision Making Force Field Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | A Future Reality Tree shows how desired actions are meant to lead to a better system state. The method checks whether a path of change holds together logically before time flows into implementation. | In dynamic situations, decisions become outdated faster than they can be prepared. The OODA Loop holds observing, orienting, deciding, and acting together as a recurring rhythm so reaction does not slide into inertia. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | In change initiatives, supporting and restraining forces sit at the table at the same time. Force Field Analysis makes these tensions explicit and shows where change can be pushed forward by strengthening or relieving. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 2-4 h | 15-60 min je Zyklus | 20–45 min | 45-90 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 1-8 | Small cross-functional group | 3-12 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Future Reality Tree, Negative Branches, Assumption List, Improved Injections | Situation Assessment, Decision Loop, Action Updates | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Force Field Map, Change Levers, Risk Notes |
Tagsno overlap | Theory of ConstraintsSystems thinkingChange | DecisionChangeLearningStrategy | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | ChangeDecisionStrategy |