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| Criterion |  Decision Making Force Field Analysis |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Decision Making Argument Mapping |  Decision Making Red Teaming |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In change initiatives, supporting and restraining forces sit at the table at the same time. Force Field Analysis makes these tensions explicit and shows where change can be pushed forward by strengthening or relieving. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | When statements, evidence, and counterarguments get mixed up, a debate quickly loses its structure. Argument Mapping breaks a thesis down into its reasoning and makes visible what it really rests on. | For strategic decisions with high reach, agreement and gut feeling are often not enough. Red teaming brings deliberate opposition into the situation and tests where a plan breaks under real counterarguments. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | Medium | High |
Timedifferent | 45-90 min | 20–45 min | 1-3 h | 1-4 h |
Participantsdifferent | 3-12 | Small cross-functional group | 1-8 | 3-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Force Field Map, Change Levers, Risk Notes | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Argument Map, Evidence Gaps, Decision Rationale | Challenge Findings, Risk Register, Mitigation Plan |
Tags1 shared | ChangeDecisionStrategy | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | SensemakingDecisionRationale | RiskDecisionSensemaking |