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| Criterion |  Engineering Fault Isolation |  Knowledge Modeling Concept Mapping |  Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs) |  Architecture Risk Storming |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In technical failures, the visible symptom often gets mixed up with the actual cause. Fault Isolation narrows the fault space and progressively reduces which part of the system is truly affected. | Concept Mapping arranges terms and relationships in a network that makes subject-matter connections tangible. It fits when a topic needs to be understood structurally rather than linearly. | ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification. | Helps clarify architecture context, options, and consequences in concrete terms. It organizes technical context, alternatives, and consequences. The result is captured as an Annotated Diagram, a Prioritized Risk List, and an Action Backlog. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-180 min | 1-2 h | 2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional | 60-90 min |
Participantsdifferent | 1-6 | 1-8 | Designers, developers as users, and facilitation | 4-12 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Fault Isolation Map, Test Log, Excluded Hypotheses, Narrowed Fault Area | Concept Map, Relationship Labels, Knowledge Gaps | Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions | Annotated Diagram, Prioritized Risk List, Action Backlog |
Tagsno overlap | TroubleshootingDiagnosisEngineering | KnowledgeConceptsMappingSensemaking | ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks | RiskArchitectureWorkshopValidation |