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| Criterion |  Decision Making Decision Tree |  Decision Making Constraint Analysis |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations Kepner-Tregoe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For decisions with follow-on paths and dependencies, a linear comparison is often not enough. A Decision Tree shows how options branch under conditions and which consequences hang on each branch. | When an initiative stalls, the limit often lies not in the idea but in hard or soft boundary conditions. Constraint Analysis separates these limits and shows which of them can actually be shaped. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 30-90 min | 30-90 min | 30-60 min | 2-8 h |
Participantsdifferent | 1-6 | 2-8 | 2-10 | 2-8 |
Formatsame | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Decision Tree, Option Map, Assumption List | Constraint List, Hard/Soft Classification, Option Impact Notes, Decision Boundaries | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Problem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk Plan |
Tagsno overlap | DecisionTreeOptions | ConstraintsDecisionPlanningOptions | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations |