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| Criterion |  Knowledge Modeling Competency Questions |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |  Operations 5 Whys |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Competency Questions translate a domain model into concrete questions that it must be able to answer. The method keeps the model's scope clean and prevents pretty but useless structures. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | High | Low |
Timedifferent | 2-4 h | 30-120 min | 2-6 h | 15-30 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | 2-6 | 3-10 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Competency Question Set, Required Concepts, Test Queries, Coverage Matrix | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions | Root cause notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | OntologyKnowledge graphScopeRequirementsSemantic | LeanObservationProcessOperations | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving |