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| Criterion |  Knowledge Modeling Competency Questions |  Systems Thinking Future Reality Tree |  Operations Change Analysis |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Competency Questions translate a domain model into concrete questions that it must be able to answer. The method keeps the model's scope clean and prevents pretty but useless structures. | A Future Reality Tree shows how desired actions are meant to lead to a better system state. The method checks whether a path of change holds together logically before time flows into implementation. | For a deviation after a change, the method isolates the influence of the altered condition. It narrows down which differences are relevant and which are just accompanying noise. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | High | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 2-4 h | 2-4 h | 45-120 min | 30-60 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | 3-8 | 2-6 | 2-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Competency Question Set, Required Concepts, Test Queries, Coverage Matrix | Future Reality Tree, Negative Branches, Assumption List, Improved Injections | Change Matrix, Cause Hypotheses, Validation Questions, Action List | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | OntologyKnowledge graphScopeRequirementsSemantic | Theory of ConstraintsSystems thinkingChange | ChangeRoot causeTroubleshootingComparison | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns |