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| Criterion |  Operations Causal Factor Analysis |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Operations Barrier Analysis |  Decision Making Assumption Surfacing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | For a risk that can only be managed through multiple layers of protection, the method examines the effectiveness of each barrier. It shows where safeguards are missing, too weak, or fail under real conditions. | Plans often contain assumptions that were never openly stated and remain dangerous precisely because of that. Assumption Surfacing makes these silent premises visible and prioritizes which of them carry the initiative or could sink it. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 2-6 h | 20–45 min | 2-4 h | 45-90 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-10 | Small cross-functional group | 2-6 | 2-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Barrier Inventory, Failure Analysis per Barrier, Action Backlog | Assumption List, Critical Assumptions, Learning Plan |
Tagsno overlap | CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | Root causeSafetyIncident | AssumptionsRiskDecisionDiscovery |