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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking CATWOE Analysis |  Operations Process Mapping |  Operations After-Action Review |  Operations Gemba Walk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | CATWOE structures a problem from six viewpoints and prevents too narrow a view of the situation. Different experiences of the system become comparably discussable this way. | With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots. | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 45-90 min | 1-3 h | 20-45 min | 30-120 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 3-10 | 3-12 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | CATWOE Canvas, Root Definition, Stakeholder Perspectives, Constraints | Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingFramingStakeholders | ProcessOperationsImprovement | LearningOperationsImprovement | LeanObservationProcessOperations |