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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking CATWOE Analysis |  Operations Family Tree Analysis |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations 5 Whys |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | CATWOE structures a problem from six viewpoints and prevents too narrow a view of the situation. Different experiences of the system become comparably discussable this way. | For a series of incidents with a similar pattern, the method arranges individual events as branches of a common origin. It makes visible which conditions keep recurring. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 45-90 min | 2-4 h | 30-60 min | 15-30 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 2-6 | 2-10 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | CATWOE Canvas, Root Definition, Stakeholder Perspectives, Constraints | Family Tree Diagram, Pattern Notes, Systemic Measures | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Root cause notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingFramingStakeholders | Root causePatternsIncidentSystemic | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving |