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| Criterion |  Decision Making Assumption Surfacing |  Decision Making Red Teaming |  Architecture Risk Storming |  Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | Plans often contain assumptions that were never openly stated and remain dangerous precisely because of that. Assumption Surfacing makes these silent premises visible and prioritizes which of them carry the initiative or could sink it. | For strategic decisions with high reach, agreement and gut feeling are often not enough. Red teaming brings deliberate opposition into the situation and tests where a plan breaks under real counterarguments. | Helps clarify architecture context, options, and consequences in concrete terms. It organizes technical context, alternatives, and consequences. The result is captured as an Annotated Diagram, a Prioritized Risk List, and an Action Backlog. | ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | Low | Medium |
Timedifferent | 45-90 min | 1-4 h | 60-90 min | 2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | 3-8 | 4-12 | Designers, developers as users, and facilitation |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Assumption List, Critical Assumptions, Learning Plan | Challenge Findings, Risk Register, Mitigation Plan | Annotated Diagram, Prioritized Risk List, Action Backlog | Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions |
Tagsno overlap | AssumptionsRiskDecisionDiscovery | RiskDecisionSensemaking | RiskArchitectureWorkshopValidation | ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks |