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Selected:ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)Kepner-Tregoe Root Cause Analysis Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Criterion	Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)	Operations Kepner-Tregoe	Operations Root Cause Analysis	Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
Purposedifferent	ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification.	For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations.	When a problem keeps recurring and the cause stays unclear, the method exposes the underlying mechanism. It separates symptom, guess, and robust explanation from one another.	For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability.
Complexitydifferent	Medium	High	Medium	High
Timedifferent	2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional	2-8 h	1-4 h	2-6 h
Participantsdifferent	Designers, developers as users, and facilitation	2-8	3-8	3-10
Formatdifferent	Workshop + async	Workshop + async	Workshop + async	Workshop
Outputdifferent	Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions	Problem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk Plan	Problem Statement, Cause Hypotheses, Confirmed Causes, Action Plan	FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions
Tagsno overlap	ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks	Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations	Root causeProblem solvingQualityIncident	RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause

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