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Selected:ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)Kepner-TregoeA3 Problem SolvingFailure Mode and Effects Analysis
| Criterion |  Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs) |  Operations Kepner-Tregoe |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification. | For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations. | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | High | Medium | High |
Timedifferent | 2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional | 2-8 h | 45-90 min | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | Designers, developers as users, and facilitation | 2-8 | 2-5 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions | Problem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk Plan | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions |
Tagsno overlap | ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks | Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause |