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Selected:ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)Future Reality TreeGemba WalkA3 Problem Solving
| Criterion |  Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs) |  Systems Thinking Future Reality Tree |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification. | A Future Reality Tree shows how desired actions are meant to lead to a better system state. The method checks whether a path of change holds together logically before time flows into implementation. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | High | Low | Medium |
Timedifferent | 2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional | 2-4 h | 30-120 min | 45-90 min |
Participantsdifferent | Designers, developers as users, and facilitation | 3-8 | 2-6 | 2-5 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions | Future Reality Tree, Negative Branches, Assumption List, Improved Injections | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis |
Tagsno overlap | ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks | Theory of ConstraintsSystems thinkingChange | LeanObservationProcessOperations | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations |