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Selected:ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)5 Whys Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Root Cause Analysis

Criterion	Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)	Operations 5 Whys	Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis	Operations Root Cause Analysis
Purposedifferent	ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification.	For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description.	For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability.	When a problem keeps recurring and the cause stays unclear, the method exposes the underlying mechanism. It separates symptom, guess, and robust explanation from one another.
Complexitydifferent	Medium	Low	High	Medium
Timedifferent	2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional	15-30 min	2-6 h	1-4 h
Participantsdifferent	Designers, developers as users, and facilitation	2-6	3-10	3-8
Formatdifferent	Workshop + async	Workshop	Workshop	Workshop + async
Outputdifferent	Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions	Root cause notes, Countermeasures	FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions	Problem Statement, Cause Hypotheses, Confirmed Causes, Action Plan
Tagsno overlap	ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks	Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving	RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause	Root causeProblem solvingQualityIncident

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