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| Criterion |  Decision Making Argument Mapping |  Operations Process Mapping |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |  Operations After-Action Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When statements, evidence, and counterarguments get mixed up, a debate quickly loses its structure. Argument Mapping breaks a thesis down into its reasoning and makes visible what it really rests on. | With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots. | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 1-3 h | 45-90 min | 20-45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 1-8 | 3-10 | 2-5 | 3-12 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Argument Map, Evidence Gaps, Decision Rationale | Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary |
Tagsno overlap | SensemakingDecisionRationale | ProcessOperationsImprovement | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations | LearningOperationsImprovement |