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| Criterion |  Operations After-Action Review |  Knowledge Modeling Domain Storytelling |  Operations 5 Whys |  Operations Gemba Walk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. | Domain Storytelling translates domain knowledge into a shared narrative of actors, objects, and workflows. It is especially useful when language, rules, and process understanding must be tightly connected. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. |
Complexitysame | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 20-45 min | 1-2 h | 15-30 min | 30-120 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-12 | 2-8 | 2-6 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary | Domain Story, Glossary Notes, Process Narrative | Root cause notes, Countermeasures | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas |
Tagsno overlap | LearningOperationsImprovement | KnowledgeDomain-Driven DesignProcess | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving | LeanObservationProcessOperations |