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| Criterion |  Operations After-Action Review |  Knowledge Modeling Domain Storytelling |  Operations 5 Whys |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. | Domain Storytelling translates domain knowledge into a shared narrative of actors, objects, and workflows. It is especially useful when language, rules, and process understanding must be tightly connected. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | Low | Medium |
Timedifferent | 20-45 min | 1-2 h | 15-30 min | 45-90 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-12 | 2-8 | 2-6 | 2-5 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary | Domain Story, Glossary Notes, Process Narrative | Root cause notes, Countermeasures | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis |
Tagsno overlap | LearningOperationsImprovement | KnowledgeDomain-Driven DesignProcess | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations |