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| Criterion |  Operations After-Action Review |  Systems Thinking CATWOE Analysis |  Systems Thinking Soft Systems Methodology |  Operations Process Mapping |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. | CATWOE structures a problem from six viewpoints and prevents too narrow a view of the situation. Different experiences of the system become comparably discussable this way. | Soft Systems Methodology helps explore unclear or politically charged problems systematically. Instead of forcing a quick answer, the method builds a shared understanding of perspectives and room for action. | With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | High | Medium |
Timedifferent | 20-45 min | 45-90 min | 0.5-3 Tage | 1-3 h |
Participantsdifferent | 3-12 | 3-8 | 5-15 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary | CATWOE Canvas, Root Definition, Stakeholder Perspectives, Constraints | Rich Picture, Root Definitions, Conceptual Models, Change Agenda | Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog |
Tagsno overlap | LearningOperationsImprovement | Systems thinkingFramingStakeholders | Soft systemsComplexitySensemakingSystems thinking | ProcessOperationsImprovement |