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| Criterion |  UX Research Affinity Diagramming |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When research notes, feedback, or observations sit unconnected side by side, affinity diagramming sorts the raw material into solid themes. Many individual points turn into patterns that make decisions and opportunities clearer. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 45–90 min | 30-120 min | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 3-10 | 2-6 | 3-10 |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Theme clusters, Insight statements, Opportunity areas | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions |
Tagsno overlap | SynthesisQualitativeRoot cause | LeanObservationProcessOperations | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause |
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