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| Criterion |  Operations Accountability Ladder |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |  Decision Making Cynefin Workshop |  Decision Making Red Teaming |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | With defensive reactions to problems, the method shifts the view from justification to ownership. It makes visible which reaction stage a person or team is currently stuck on. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. | When problems are unclear, chaotic, or only seemingly familiar, standard recipes fall short. A Cynefin Workshop sorts situations by the nature of their problem and connects them with matching action logic. | For strategic decisions with high reach, agreement and gut feeling are often not enough. Red teaming brings deliberate opposition into the situation and tests where a plan breaks under real counterarguments. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Low | Medium | High |
Timedifferent | 20-45 min | 20–45 min | 60-180 min | 1-4 h |
Participantsdifferent | 1-8 | Small cross-functional group | 4-20 | 3-8 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Ownership Reflection, Action Commitment, Coaching Notes | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log | Cynefin Map, Domain-specific Actions, Sensemaking Notes | Challenge Findings, Risk Register, Mitigation Plan |
Tagsno overlap | ResponsibilityLeadershipTeam | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning | ComplexitySensemakingDecision | RiskDecisionSensemaking |