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| Criterion |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |  Product Discovery Test Card |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Product Discovery Learning Card |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. | The Test Card turns a critical assumption into a testable claim and specifies in advance which result counts as success. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | The Learning Card connects traceable test results to a reasoned next action while keeping the limits of the insight visible. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 45-90 min | 20-35 min | 30-120 min | 25-40 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-5 | 1-5 | 2-6 | 1-5 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis | Test Card with a pre-set threshold | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Learning Card with evidence and next action |
Tagsno overlap | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryHypothesis | LeanObservationProcessOperations | ExperimentsValidationDiscoveryLearning |