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| Criterion |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |  Operations Gemba Walk |  DevOps Blameless Postmortem |  Operations After-Action Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | After an incident with damage or a near miss, the method creates a sober field for learning without assigning blame. It directs attention to the course of events, conditions, and effective countermeasures. | After missions or project phases with unclear outcomes, the method makes visible what actually happened and what can be learned from it. It separates course, effect, and causes so experience turns into solid improvement. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 45-90 min | 30-120 min | 30-90 min | 20-45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-5 | 2-6 | 3-12 | 3-12 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Postmortem Doc, Action Items, Timeline | Lessons learned, Action items, Event summary |
Tagsno overlap | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations | LeanObservationProcessOperations | Site Reliability EngineeringIncidentLearningReliability | LearningOperationsImprovement |