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| Criterion |  Operations A3 Problem Solving |  Operations 5 Whys |  Operations Kepner-Tregoe |  Operations Causal Factor Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a complex deviation with several people involved, the method bundles problem, analysis, and decision onto one page. It creates a shared working space where causes, countermeasures, and follow-up fit together. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. | For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations. | For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | High | High |
Timedifferent | 45-90 min | 15-30 min | 2-8 h | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-5 | 2-6 | 2-8 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | A3 Report, Action Plan, Root Cause Analysis | Root cause notes, Countermeasures | Problem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk Plan | Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions |
Tagsno overlap | LeanProblem solvingCoachingOperations | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving | Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations | CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline |