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Criterion
A 5 Whys working surface connects an observable problem with evidenced causes, marked uncertainty and concrete countermeasures with ownership.
Operations
5 Whys
Empathy Mapping
UX Research
Empathy Mapping
Paper illustration for Kepner-Tregoe
Operations
Kepner-Tregoe
Paper illustration of the Lightning Decision Jam working structure.
Facilitation
Decision Jam
Purposedifferent
For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description.When a lot is assumed about a target group but little is seen jointly, empathy mapping makes knowledge and gaps directly comparable. The picture also shows which assumptions hold up and where evidence is missing.For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations.When a decision is stuck, Decision Jam loosens the knot through structured separation of problem, idea, and selection. The format creates movement without jumping prematurely at the first seemingly elegant answer.
Complexitydifferent
LowLowHighLow
Timedifferent
15-30 min30–60 min2-8 h60-90 min
Participantsdifferent
2-64-82-84-10
Formatdifferent
WorkshopWorkshopWorkshop + asyncWorkshop
Outputdifferent
Root cause notes, CountermeasuresEmpathy Map, Assumptions List, Research GapsProblem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk PlanProblem Cluster, Prioritized Challenge, Experiment
Tagsno overlap
Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving
SynthesisQualitativeWorkshop
Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations
FacilitationDecisionProblem solvingWorkshop
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