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| Criterion |  UX Research Tree Testing |  UX Research First-click Testing |  Innovation Contradiction Analysis |  UX Research Card Sorting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | When a navigation exists but search paths still fail, tree testing checks findability without visual distraction. The method shows whether labels, levels, and paths really lead to the intended destination. | When users immediately turn the wrong way on a screen or wireframe, first click testing checks initial orientation at high speed. The first click shows early whether expectation, labeling, and wayfinding fit together. | When a system should improve while another measure suffers as a result, the method makes the underlying conflict precisely formulable. It separates the desired effect from its side effect. This makes solutions possible that address the contradiction deliberately instead of half-heartedly. | When content only makes sense internally and users can't find the structure again, card sorting exposes their mental order. Terms, groups, and naming are then aligned with the target group's expectations. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-2 Tage | 1-2 Tage | 60-120 min | 20-45 min |
Participantsdifferent | Based on research question | 10-30 | 2-8 | Based on research question |
Formatdifferent | Async | Async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Findability Metrics, Path Analysis, Revised IA | Click Heatmap, Success Rate, Design Recommendations | Contradiction Statement, Abstraction Notes, Solution Principles, Concept Ideas | Content groups, Label set, IA hypotheses |
Tagsno overlap | Information architectureNavigationFindability | UXNavigationFindabilityValidation | ContradictionsInnovationProblem solving | Information architectureNavigationStructure |