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| Criterion |  Operations Process Mapping |  UX Research Tree Testing |  Operations Gemba Walk |  UX Research Card Sorting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots. | When a navigation exists but search paths still fail, tree testing checks findability without visual distraction. The method shows whether labels, levels, and paths really lead to the intended destination. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | When content only makes sense internally and users can't find the structure again, card sorting exposes their mental order. Terms, groups, and naming are then aligned with the target group's expectations. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 1-2 Tage | 30-120 min | 20-45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-10 | Based on research question | 2-6 | Based on research question |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog | Findability Metrics, Path Analysis, Revised IA | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | Content groups, Label set, IA hypotheses |
Tagsno overlap | ProcessOperationsImprovement | Information architectureNavigationFindability | LeanObservationProcessOperations | Information architectureNavigationStructure |