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Selected:Process Mapping ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Fishbone Diagram

Criterion	Operations Process Mapping	Architecture ARID (Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs)	Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis	Operations Fishbone Diagram
Purposedifferent	With a confusing workflow that has many handoffs, the method makes the actual process visible. It shows where work is passed on, delayed, or duplicated, so improvement targets the right spots.	ARID examines how well developers can work with a technical design. It focuses on a part of the system that can still be revised, between the architecture overview and the detailed specification.	For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability.	When a problem has several possible contributing factors, the method sorts causes by cause areas. It prevents an initial hunch from blocking the view of other plausible drivers.
Complexitydifferent	Medium	Medium	High	Low
Timedifferent	1-3 h	2–4 h review as a planning range; preparation and evaluation additional	2-6 h	30-60 min
Participantsdifferent	3-10	Designers, developers as users, and facilitation	3-10	2-8
Formatdifferent	Workshop	Workshop + async	Workshop	Workshop
Outputdifferent	Process Map, Handoff List, Improvement Backlog	Prioritized development tasks, Jointly produced code or pseudocode, Observed difficulties and open design questions, Proposed design revisions	FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions	Fishbone Diagram, Cause Categories, Investigation Backlog
Tagsno overlap	ProcessOperationsImprovement	ArchitectureEngineeringFeedbackValidationTasks	RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause	Root causeQualityOperations

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