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Criterion
A hypothetical failure makes concrete risks, signals, and fitting mitigations visible.
Decision Making
Pre-Mortem
Paper illustration for Kepner-Tregoe
Operations
Kepner-Tregoe
Paper illustration of the Lightning Decision Jam working structure.
Facilitation
Decision Jam
Paper illustration for 8D Problem Solving.
Operations
8D Problem Solving
Purposedifferent
In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures.For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations.When a decision is stuck, Decision Jam loosens the knot through structured separation of problem, idea, and selection. The format creates movement without jumping prematurely at the first seemingly elegant answer.For an acute quality or delivery problem, the method structures immediate protection and root cause work together. It keeps the situation stable while the actual cause is investigated cleanly.
Complexitydifferent
LowHighLowHigh
Timedifferent
20–45 min2-8 h60-90 min1-6 Wochen
Participantsdifferent
Small cross-functional group2-84-104-10
Formatdifferent
WorkshopWorkshop + asyncWorkshopWorkshop + async
Outputdifferent
Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption logProblem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk PlanProblem Cluster, Prioritized Challenge, Experiment8D Report, Containment Plan, Root Cause Evidence, Corrective Action Plan
Tagsno overlap
RiskDecisionFailurePlanning
Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations
FacilitationDecisionProblem solvingWorkshop
QualityProblem solvingRoot cause
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