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Criterion
A hypothetical failure makes concrete risks, signals, and fitting mitigations visible.
Decision Making
Pre-Mortem
Paper illustration for ALPEN Method
Operations
ALPEN Method
Paper illustration for DACI
Decision Making
DACI
Paper illustration of an activity-role table with clear RACI assignments and one highlighted accountable role per activity.
Operations
RACI Matrix
Purposedifferent
In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures.With an overloaded day full of too many tasks, a realistic picture of the day emerges. The method connects estimating, deciding, and buffer thinking so planning fits available energy and time.In cross-functional decisions, responsibilities quickly blur between approval, influence, and execution. DACI arranges these roles so decision pressure, contribution, and information stay cleanly separated.With unclear responsibilities across several roles or areas, the method creates unambiguous accountability logic. It reduces friction because decision, execution, contribution, and information become separately visible.
Complexitysame
LowLowLowLow
Timedifferent
20–45 min10-20 min daily30-60 min45-90 min
Participantsdifferent
Small cross-functional group12-102-8
Formatdifferent
WorkshopAsyncWorkshop + asyncWorkshop + async
Outputdifferent
Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption logDaily Plan, Time Estimates, Review NotesDACI Matrix, Decision Owner, Decision LogRACI Matrix, Responsibility Map, Decision Notes
Tagsno overlap
RiskDecisionFailurePlanning
PlanningTime managementProductivityOperations
DecisionRolesGovernanceAlignment
RolesResponsibilityGovernanceOperations
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