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| Criterion |  Operations PDCA Cycle |  Operations 8D Problem Solving |  Operations DMAIC |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For an improvement that still has to prove itself in everyday work, the method runs it through small learning loops. It connects planning, checking, and standardization into a repeatable learning mode. | For an acute quality or delivery problem, the method structures immediate protection and root cause work together. It keeps the situation stable while the actual cause is investigated cleanly. | For a process problem with fluctuating performance, the method brings analysis and improvement into a disciplined sequence. It creates a framework in which numbers, causes, and control come together. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | High | High |
Timedifferent | 1 h bis mehrere Wochen | 1-6 Wochen | 2-12 Wochen | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 1-8 | 4-10 | 3-10 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | PDCA Log, Experiment Plan, Learning Outcome, Standard Change | 8D Report, Containment Plan, Root Cause Evidence, Corrective Action Plan | Project Charter, Measurement Plan, Cause Analysis, Control Plan | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions |
Tagsno overlap | Continuous improvementLeanExperiments | QualityProblem solvingRoot cause | Continuous improvementQualityProcess improvement | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause |