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| Criterion |  Operations Kepner-Tregoe |  Operations 8D Problem Solving |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For a disturbance that's hard to pin down, the method cleanly separates problem, cause, and decision. It reduces mixing when symptoms allow several interpretations. | For an acute quality or delivery problem, the method structures immediate protection and root cause work together. It keeps the situation stable while the actual cause is investigated cleanly. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | For a process, product, or service with noticeable failure risks, the method assesses possible failure modes in advance. It directs attention to combinations of occurrence, effect, and detectability. |
Complexitydifferent | High | High | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 2-8 h | 1-6 Wochen | 30-60 min | 2-6 h |
Participantsdifferent | 2-8 | 4-10 | 2-10 | 3-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Problem Analysis, Decision Analysis, Risk Plan | 8D Report, Containment Plan, Root Cause Evidence, Corrective Action Plan | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | FMEA Table, Risk Priority, Mitigation Actions |
Tags1 shared | Problem solvingRoot causeDecisionOperations | QualityProblem solvingRoot cause | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | RiskQualityOperationsRoot cause |