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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Decision Making RAPID |  Systems Thinking Causal Loop Diagram |  Decision Making DACI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | In complex management decisions, clarity is often missing about who recommends, who agrees, and who makes the decision. RAPID creates this assignment and stabilizes decisions across several levels. | A Causal Loop Diagram makes feedback, reinforcement, and balance in a system legible. It uncovers side effects and self-reinforcement that stay hidden in linear explanations. | In cross-functional decisions, responsibilities quickly blur between approval, influence, and execution. DACI arranges these roles so decision pressure, contribution, and information stay cleanly separated. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 45-90 min | 1-3 h | 30-60 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 3-12 | 2-8 | 2-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | RAPID Role Map, Recommendation, Decision Log | Causal Loop Diagram, Feedback Notes, Leverage Points | DACI Matrix, Decision Owner, Decision Log |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | DecisionRolesGovernance | FeedbackSystems thinkingCausalityDynamics | DecisionRolesGovernanceAlignment |