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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations RACI Matrix |  Systems Thinking Behavior Over Time Graph |  Decision Making DACI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | With unclear responsibilities across several roles or areas, the method creates unambiguous accountability logic. It reduces friction because decision, execution, contribution, and information become separately visible. | A Behavior Over Time Graph shows how a metric or observation develops over time. The method makes trends, breaks, and recurring patterns visible that get lost in snapshots. | In cross-functional decisions, responsibilities quickly blur between approval, influence, and execution. DACI arranges these roles so decision pressure, contribution, and information stay cleanly separated. |
Complexitysame | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 45-90 min | 20-45 min | 30-60 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 2-8 | 1-10 | 2-10 |
Formatsame | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | RACI Matrix, Responsibility Map, Decision Notes | Behavior Over Time Graph, Trend Hypotheses, Key Events | DACI Matrix, Decision Owner, Decision Log |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | RolesResponsibilityGovernanceOperations | Systems thinkingPatternsDynamics | DecisionRolesGovernanceAlignment |