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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Systems Thinking Future Reality Tree |  Operations 8D Problem Solving |  Operations Change Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | A Future Reality Tree shows how desired actions are meant to lead to a better system state. The method checks whether a path of change holds together logically before time flows into implementation. | For an acute quality or delivery problem, the method structures immediate protection and root cause work together. It keeps the situation stable while the actual cause is investigated cleanly. | For a deviation after a change, the method isolates the influence of the altered condition. It narrows down which differences are relevant and which are just accompanying noise. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | High | High | Medium |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 2-4 h | 1-6 Wochen | 45-120 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 3-8 | 4-10 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Future Reality Tree, Negative Branches, Assumption List, Improved Injections | 8D Report, Containment Plan, Root Cause Evidence, Corrective Action Plan | Change Matrix, Cause Hypotheses, Validation Questions, Action List |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | Theory of ConstraintsSystems thinkingChange | QualityProblem solvingRoot cause | ChangeRoot causeTroubleshootingComparison |