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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Systems Thinking Evaporating Cloud |  Operations 8D Problem Solving |  Operations 5 Whys |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | The method makes visible why two seemingly incompatible demands arise and which assumption must be tested to resolve the conflict. | For an acute quality or delivery problem, the method structures immediate protection and root cause work together. It keeps the situation stable while the actual cause is investigated cleanly. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. |
Complexitydifferent | Low | Medium | High | Low |
Timedifferent | 30-60 min | 60-120 min | 1-6 Wochen | 15-30 min |
Participantsdifferent | 2-10 | 2-8 | 4-10 | 2-6 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Conflict Cloud, Assumption List, Breakthrough Ideas, Next Experiments | 8D Report, Containment Plan, Root Cause Evidence, Corrective Action Plan | Root cause notes, Countermeasures |
Tagsno overlap | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | Theory of ConstraintsAssumptionsSystems thinking | QualityProblem solvingRoot cause | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving |