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| Criterion |  Systems Thinking Future Reality Tree |  Systems Thinking Iceberg Model |  Operations 5 Whys |  Operations 8D Problem Solving |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | A Future Reality Tree shows how desired actions are meant to lead to a better system state. The method checks whether a path of change holds together logically before time flows into implementation. | The Iceberg Model separates visible events from patterns, structures, and mental models. This turns a single observation into a deeper understanding of why a problem keeps recurring. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. | For an acute quality or delivery problem, the method structures immediate protection and root cause work together. It keeps the situation stable while the actual cause is investigated cleanly. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Low | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 2-4 h | 30-60 min | 15-30 min | 1-6 Wochen |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 2-10 | 2-6 | 4-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Future Reality Tree, Negative Branches, Assumption List, Improved Injections | Iceberg Worksheet, Pattern Notes, Intervention Ideas | Root cause notes, Countermeasures | 8D Report, Containment Plan, Root Cause Evidence, Corrective Action Plan |
Tagsno overlap | Theory of ConstraintsSystems thinkingChange | Systems thinkingRoot causePatterns | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving | QualityProblem solvingRoot cause |