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| Criterion |  Engineering Failure Scenario Analysis |  Business Strategy TOWS Matrix |  Product Strategy Impact Mapping |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In critical processes, it is not enough to plan only for the normal case. Failure Scenario Analysis looks at the path into failure and shows which failures, chains, and control gaps cause the most damage. | The TOWS Matrix connects internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats into action-oriented strategies. It goes a step further than a pure stocktaking. | When a goal needs to be connected to several possible paths, it shows chains of impact instead of feature lists. It connects business goal, behavior change, and measures. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Medium | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 1-2 h | 45-90 min | 20–45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 3-10 | 3-8 | Small cross-functional group |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Failure Scenarios, Risk Notes, Control Gaps, Test and Response Actions | TOWS Matrix, Strategic Options, Priority Actions | Impact Map, Outcome Hypotheses, Delivery Options | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log |
Tagsno overlap | FailureResilienceRisk | StrategyAnalysisOptions | OutcomesStrategyBehaviorPlanning | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning |