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| Criterion |  Engineering Failure Scenario Analysis |  Systems Thinking Future Reality Tree |  Systems Thinking Intervention Mapping |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In critical processes, it is not enough to plan only for the normal case. Failure Scenario Analysis looks at the path into failure and shows which failures, chains, and control gaps cause the most damage. | A Future Reality Tree shows how desired actions are meant to lead to a better system state. The method checks whether a path of change holds together logically before time flows into implementation. | Intervention Mapping translates a need for change into a planned, evaluable program. The method connects target group, determinants, actions, and measurement into a traceable chain. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | High | High | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 2-4 h | 1-5 Tage | 20–45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 3-8 | 4-12 | Small cross-functional group |
Formatdifferent | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Failure Scenarios, Risk Notes, Control Gaps, Test and Response Actions | Future Reality Tree, Negative Branches, Assumption List, Improved Injections | Logic Model, Change Objectives, Intervention Components, Evaluation Plan | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log |
Tagsno overlap | FailureResilienceRisk | Theory of ConstraintsSystems thinkingChange | ChangeSystems thinkingCapability | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning |