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| Criterion |  Engineering Failure Scenario Analysis |  Decision Making Force Field Analysis |  Business Strategy VRIO Framework |  Decision Making Pre-Mortem |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | In critical processes, it is not enough to plan only for the normal case. Failure Scenario Analysis looks at the path into failure and shows which failures, chains, and control gaps cause the most damage. | In change initiatives, supporting and restraining forces sit at the table at the same time. Force Field Analysis makes these tensions explicit and shows where change can be pushed forward by strengthening or relieving. | The VRIO Framework rates resources and capabilities on whether they are Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, and Organized. It compares strengths, risks, market logic, and courses of action. The result is captured as a VRIO table and strategic actions. | In early initiatives with many uncertainties, planning quickly turns too optimistic. A pre-mortem makes the expected failure visible in advance and sharpens the view of causes, gaps, and countermeasures. |
Complexitydifferent | Medium | Low | Medium | Low |
Timedifferent | 1-3 h | 45-90 min | 90-180 min | 20–45 min |
Participantsdifferent | 3-8 | 3-12 | 3-6 | Small cross-functional group |
Formatsame | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop |
Outputdifferent | Failure Scenarios, Risk Notes, Control Gaps, Test and Response Actions | Force Field Map, Change Levers, Risk Notes | VRIO Table, Strategic Actions | Risk list, Mitigation plan, Assumption log |
Tagsno overlap | FailureResilienceRisk | ChangeDecisionStrategy | StrategyDiagnosisBusiness modelCapability | RiskDecisionFailurePlanning |