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| Criterion |  Operations Causal Factor Analysis |  Operations 5 Whys |  Operations Gemba Walk |  Operations 8D Problem Solving |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposedifferent | For an event with a complicated course, the method breaks down the contributing factors along the timeline. It shows how conditions, decisions, and reactions together produce a course of events. | For a single, hard-to-explain deviation, the method exposes the causal chain behind the visible symptom. It keeps the cause open until a controllable condition emerges instead of a mere description. | When there is uncertainty about the real course of a process, the method brings observation to the place where work happens. It combines perception, follow-up questions, and process knowledge so decisions rest on actual workflows instead of assumptions. | For an acute quality or delivery problem, the method structures immediate protection and root cause work together. It keeps the situation stable while the actual cause is investigated cleanly. |
Complexitydifferent | High | Low | Low | High |
Timedifferent | 2-6 h | 15-30 min | 30-120 min | 1-6 Wochen |
Participantsdifferent | 3-10 | 2-6 | 2-6 | 4-10 |
Formatdifferent | Workshop + async | Workshop | Workshop | Workshop + async |
Outputdifferent | Event Timeline, Causal Factor Chart, Cause List, Corrective Actions | Root cause notes, Countermeasures | Observation Notes, Improvement Ideas | 8D Report, Containment Plan, Root Cause Evidence, Corrective Action Plan |
Tagsno overlap | CausalityIncidentRoot causeTimeline | Root causeIncidentLeanProblem solving | LeanObservationProcessOperations | QualityProblem solvingRoot cause |